The 1998 FOST Cup Open Computer Go Championship

The FOST cup was held at the Nihon Ki-in in Tokyo, Japan, on August 28 and 29. The format was a little different this year, with three separate competitions. On the first day, a 6 round swiss tournament selected 4 programs to advance to the final tournament. On the second day, the top four programs from last year and the four qualifiers had a 7 round, round-robin tournament. The top four programs from last year (Handtalk, Go Intellect, Go4++ and Silver Igo) did not participate in the first day qualifying tournament.

On the second day there was also an optional consolation tournament for programs that did not qualify for the final 8. There were 41 programs registered, from 9 countries, with 13 new ones that had not participated in FOST before. There was a moderate earthquake early on the second day, but no games were affected.

There were a lot of changes in the order of finish from last year. In general, programs written by teams improved greatly (Silver Igo, Hamlet, Wulu, Young Leaf). The top two programs of last year both dropped, after both had major changes made during the year.

Prize money was (in Yen):

1) 1,000,000 
2)   400,000
3)   300,000
4)   250,000
5)   200,000
6)   150,000
7)   100,000
8)    80,000

The first day qualifiers in order of finish, were:

1) Jimmy
2) Wulu
3) Many Faces of Go
4) Hamlet

The final result was:

1) Silver Igo                 Silver Star Lab            D.P.R. Korea
2) Hamlet (Hit)               Ji Il Kim
                              Alexei Telitsine
                              Cheol-Jin Park             Korea
3) Goemate (Handtalk)         Chen Zhixing               China
4) Go4++                      Michael Reiss              England
5) Wulu                       Lei Xiuyu
                              Chen Guobao
                              Lu Jinqiang
                              Li Zhihua                  China
6) Many Faces of Go           David Fotland              USA
7) Jimmy                      Shi-Jim Yan                Taiwan
8) Go Intellect               Ken Chen                   USA

Silver Igo received a 3 Kyu rank certificate and trophy.


>From the qualifying tournament:

9) Young Leaf (Wakaba)        Junji Yatsuzuka/Tei Meiko  Japan
10) Goro                      Yasuo Oishi                Japan
11) Igo Jiman 1.0             Keiji Takashima            Japan
12) Go Master                 Jee Wonho                  Korea
13) Gogol                     Tristan Cazenave           France
14) Monkey Jump               Hiroto Yoshii              Japan
15) Katsunari                 Shinichi Sei               Japan
16) Fun Go                    Yong-Goo Park              Korea
17) K1                        Lin Gwan-Jae               Taiwan
18) Igo 98                    Noriaki Sanechika          Japan
19) Aya                       Hiroshi Yamashita          Japan
20) Martha                    Ichiro Ujiie               Japan
21) Baduk-1                   Lim Jaebum                 Korea
22) Explorer                  Martin Mueller             Austria
23) Gizumogo                  Hirofumi Iwasaki           Japan
24) B/W                       Osamu Ushio                Japan
25) Test2                     Bunsen Sen                 China
26) Heian Igo                 Yoshitaka Koiyama          Japan
27) Deer Stallion 2           Atsushi Yoshika            Japan
28) Takuchan                  Takuo Tabuchi              Japan
29) Utoro                     Tuneo Horii                Japan
30) Darren's program          Darren Cook                England
31) Mutsuki                   Takahisa Yoshida           Japan
32) Tokyo 98                  Toshikazu Sato             Japan
33) Gosaku                    Tamizo Shiraishi           Japan
34) Twigo                     Tetsuya Wakamatsu          Japan
35) Deer Stallion 1           Takuya Kojima              Japan
36) Keeping Awkaward I        Yung Jye Huang             Taiwan
37) Go San Jin                Kuya Fukuzawa              Japan
38) Caren's Whisper           Katsumi Kobayashi          Japan
The time limits were 50 minutes per program before the game reached move 250. To fit 6 rounds in one day at that time limit, the preliminary tournament used accelerated pairings. The pairings for the next round were completed before the games of the previous round were finished. A pure swiss system would have had slightly different pairings. Caren's Whisper dropped out after two rounds, so there were an odd number of programs for the last four rounds.

The rules give the bye to the strongest programs from last year, so in the last round, when Jimmy and Hamlet were the only undefeated programs, Jimmy got a bye to remain undefeated, and Hamlet was paired with Many Faces. When Many Faces beat Hamlet, it ended in a tie for 4th place with Young Leaf. If one of Young Leaf's weaker opponents had one more win, Hamlet would not have qualified. There was a playoff game between Hamlet and Young leaf, which Hamlet won.

With a large number of programs and few rounds, there is no guarantee that the top four programs will actually be selected for advancement to the second day tournament. But this year several people told me that they felt the first day tournament had chosen the right programs.

The consolation tournament was single elimination, rather than swiss, so perhaps its rank ordering is not as accurate as the main tournament.

The results were:

1) Fun Go
2) Goro
3) Katsunari
4) Young Leaf
5) Go Master
6) Gogol
7) Monkey Jump
8) Aya
9) Explorer
10) Mutsuki
11) Twigo
12) K1
13) Test2
14) Utoro
15) Deer Stallion 1
16) Deer Stalion 2


The final tournament grid (in initial seed order):

                 opponent:  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  Wins  SDS   Place

1) Goemate (Handtalk)       X  +  -  -  +  +  +  +  5     13    3
2) Go Intellect             -  X  +  -  -  -  -  -  1           8
3) Go4++                    +  -  X  -  +  +  -  +  4           4
4) Silver Igo               +  +  +  X  +  +  +  -  6           1
5) Jimmy                    -  +  -  -  X  -  +  -  2      3    7
6) Wulu                     -  +  -  -  +  X  +  -  3           5
7) Many Faces               -  +  +  -  -  -  X  -  2      5    6
8) Hamlet                   -  +  -  +  +  +  +  X  5     14    2
The top programs were closer in strength this year than before. Go Intellect, (finishing 8th) beat Go4++ (finishing 4th), which beat Goemate/Handtalk (finishing 3rd), which beat Hamlet (finishing 2nd), which beat Silver Igo (1st).

Chen Zhixing spent 5 months last year rewriting Handtalk with a new pattern management system to enable much higher program strength and more patterns. He estimates 3 years to complete conversion to the new system. So this year's Handtalk is not much stronger than last year. It's for sale in the USA as Handtalk, and in Japan as Shudantaikyoku 2.

Go Intellect also has a major change this year. Evaluation is now based on the temperature of local fights, looking at each position with both players moving first. Before the tournament Ken estimated that the new program was stronger than the old, but that it had some severe tactical analysis bugs that could cause problems. The tactics bug showed up in every game except against Go4++ (since Go4++ doesn't fight much) and Go Intellect won only against Go4++. It's for sale in the USA as Goddess, in Korea as Kuksu, and in Japan as Heiei_kiin, Koutekisyu.

Go4++ is still focussed mainly on accurate territory evaluation and is the weakest at tactics. Michael tunes extensively against Handtalk, playing about 5000 test games last year, and reaching an 83% winning percentage. It payed off for him with a win against Handtalk by 1.5 points in a quiet game, but he threw away an easily won game against Many Faces due to tactical blunders in the endgame. It's for sale in Japan as "The Strongest Game of Go".

Silver Igo is stronger than last year, and has a team of people working on it full time. But it still lost to Hamlet and won a close game against Many Faces.

Since Jimmy placed well last year, it got easier pairings in the preliminary tournament, and finished undefeated, with 6 wins. It didn't play any of the 4 programs that finished with 5 wins. In the final, it beat Many Faces by 2.5 points.

Wulu is being developed by a team of 4 programmers that includes one of professional strength. This was Wulu's first appearance at FOST, but it competed in the 1996 Ing tournament and finished 8th.

Many Faces is still strong comparatively at life and death. It killed groups in many games. But it is not good at keeping territory. Still, it beat Hamlet once, and had a close game with Silver Igo, and lost to Jimmy by only 2.5 points. I took a break from computer go last year, and didn't work on Many Faces between November and April, then I took another 6 weeks off to develop Igowin. So Many Faces was not as strong as it could have been. It's for sale in the USA, and in Japan as AI Igo 6.

Hamlet has a team of 3 programmers and 2 to 4 go experts. It's stronger than last year, when it was called Hit, but lost to Many Faces in the preliminary tournament and beat Wulu by 2.5 points. It was the only program to beat Silver Igo. It's on sale in Korea as Medusa, and has sold about 8,000 copies to date.

The most interesting program is Young Leaf. It's written by a small team that includes a professional 9 dan. It was by far the fastest program I played. It made all of its moves in only 90 seconds, but it plays a very good game. I haven't seen a program that can play so well with so little reading since the early versions of Handtalk. When they add better tactics to it, it could be very strong. Young Leaf only lost to Many Faces and Hamlet (in a 7th round playoff).

Aya uses an eye-pattern database, using the ideas developed by Dave Dyer, with 1,289,007 eye patterns.

K1 and Igo Jima both did very well for their first year.

Many of the programs that finished well last year dropped a lot this year, but Goro held up and finished 6th.

Go Master improved a lot since last year.

Keeping Awkaward I played reasonable game, but lost every game by running out of time.


The Main tournament grid (initial order based on results from last year):

                round   1   2   3   4   5   6   wins   place
1) Gogol               -19 +11 +32 +21 -15 +13   4       9
2) Aya                 -20 +10 +30 +32 +21 -8    4      15
3) Fun go              +21 +13 -25 -28 +32 +7    4      12
4) Jimmy               +22 +12 +14 +8  +31 +32   6       1
5) Many Faces          +23 +15 +27 -25 +8  +6    5       3
6) Hamlet              +24 +14 +16 +19 +25 -5    5       4 (after playoff)
7) Explorer            -25 +17 +21 -15 +18 -3    3      18
8) Goro                +26 +16 +20 -4  -5  +2    4       6
9) Gosaku              -27 -18 -17 +30 +36 -29   2      29
10) Mutsuki            -28 -2  -26 +36 +30 -11   2      27
11) Igo 98             -29 -1  +23 +17 +20 +10   4      14
12) Katsunari          +30 -4  -28 +22 +29 +37   4      11
13) B/W                -31 -3  +33 +23 +17 -1    3      20
14) Gizumogo           +32 -6  -4  +26 -16 +22   3      19
15) Young Leaf         +33 -5  +29 +7  +1  +31   5       5 (after playoff)
16) Monkey Jump        +34 -8  -6  +37 +14 +27   4      10
17) Darren's program   -37 -7  +9  -11 -13 +20   2      26
18) Tokyo 98           +36 +9  -31 -27 -7  -33   2      28
19) Go Master          +1  +36 -37 -6  +27 +26   4       8
20) Twigo              +2  -28 -8  -31 -11 -17   1      30
21) Takuchan           -3  +29 -17 -1  -2  +23   2      24
22) Utoro              -4  +30 +36 -12 -26 -14   2      25
23) Keeping Awkaward I -5  -31 -11 -13 -33 -21   0      32
24) Raisin             -6  (crashed, then withdrew)
25) Wulu               +7  +33 +3  +5  -6  +28   5       2
26) Heian Igo          -8  +32 +10 -14 +22 -19   3      22
27) Baduk-1            +9  +37 -5  +18 -19 -16   3      17
28) Igo Jiman 1.0      +10 +20 +12 +3  -37 -25   4       7
29) Deer Stallion 2    +11 -21 -15 -33 -12 +9    2      23
30) Deer Stallion 1    -12 -22 -2  -9  -10 +36   1      31
31) K1                 +13 +23 +18 +20 -4  -15   4      13
32) Caren's Whisper    -14 -26 -1 (dropped out)  0      34
33) test2              -15 -25 -13 +29 +23 +18   3      21
34)                    -16 (no show)            
35)                    (no show)
36) Go San Jin         -18 -14 -22 -10 -9  -30   0      33
37) Martha             +17 -27 +19 -16 +28 -12   3      16
-David Fotland